Wisconsin Estimated Income Tax Instructions

Estimated Income Tax Instructions
2024 D-101a Form 1-ES Instructions - Estimated Income Tax for Individuals, Estates, and Trusts
2024 Form 1-ES Instructions – Estimated Income Tax for Individuals, Estates, and Trusts
Who Must Pay Estimated Tax
Tax is required to be paid on income as it is earned or constructively received. Withholding tax and estimated tax are the two methods used to
make those required tax payments. Generally, if you work for wages, you have tax withheld from your wages to prepay any tax which will be
computed on your income tax return for the year. If you have income from which tax is not withheld (for example, interest, dividends,
unemployment compensation, self- employment income, taxable pensions, etc.), you must pay estimated tax to prepay any tax which will be
computed on your income tax return for the year.
You must pay Wisconsin estimated tax for 2024 if you expect to owe, after subtracting your withholding and credits, at least $500 in tax for 2024
and you expect your withholding to be less than the smallest of (1) 90% of the tax shown on your 2024 income tax return, (2) 100% of the tax
shown on your 2023 income tax return, assuming the return covered 12 months*, or (3) 90% of the tax shown on your 2024 income tax return,
computed by annualizing your taxable income. You may use Wisconsin Schedule U, Part IV, as a worksheet to annualize income.
*This does not apply to estates or trusts that have 2024 taxable income of $20,000 or more. If your 2023 return was adjusted by the department
or you filed an amended return, use the tax from the latest adjusted or amended return.
Full-year residents, part-year residents, nonresidents, estates and trusts are subject to the estimated tax requirement. You do not have to pay
estimated tax if you were a full-year resident of Wisconsin for 2023 and you had no tax liability for that 12-month period. Estates and grantor
trusts which are funded on account of a decedent’s death are only required to make estimated tax payments for any tax year ending two or more
years after the decedent’s death. Note: Trusts subject to tax on unrelated business income should file on Form Corp-ES.
You and your spouse may pay estimated tax either jointly or separately. If joint payments are made, you and your spouse may still file separate
income tax returns for 2024. The estimated tax payments may be divided between you and your spouse in any manner you choose. If separate
payments are made, you and your spouse may file a joint income tax return for 2024 and apply the separate estimated tax payments to the joint
tax liability. However, no part of the separate estimated tax payments may be applied to a separate tax liability of the other spouse.

When to Pay Your Estimated Tax
Generally, you must make your first estimated tax payment by April 15, 2024. You may pay all your estimated tax at that time or in four equal
installments on or before April 15, 2024, June 17, 2024, September 16, 2024, and January 15, 2025. Exceptions to this general rule are as
follows:
1. Other payment dates. In some cases, such as an increase in income, you may have to make your first estimated tax payment after April

15, 2024. Any remaining payments should be 1/4 of your required annual payment. The first payment dates are as follows:
If the requirement to pay
estimated tax is met after:
March 31 and before June 1
May 31 and before September 1
August 31

Payment date is:
June 17, 2024
September 16, 2024
January 15, 2025

Of the estimated tax due,
pay:
1/2
3/4
all

2. Your return as a payment. If you file your 2024 income tax return by January 31, 2025, and pay the entire balance due, you do not have

to make your last payment of estimated tax due on January 15, 2025.

3. Farmers and fishers. If at least two-thirds of your gross income (joint gross income, if applicable) for 2023 or 2024 is from farming or

fishing, you may:

• Pay your 2024 estimated tax in full by January 15, 2025; or
• File your 2024 income tax return on or before March 3, 2025, and pay the total tax due. In this case, you need not make estimated tax
payments for 2024.
4. Fiscal year. If your return is filed on a fiscal year basis, your due dates are the 15th day of the 4th, 6th, and 9th months of your current

fiscal year, and the 1st month of the following fiscal year. Note: If any due date falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, use the next
business day.

How to Use Form 1-ES
If you have a preprinted voucher, make any corrections necessary to your name and address by lining out the incorrect information and printing
in the correct information. To obtain personalized Form 1-ES vouchers, visit the department's website at revenue.wi.gov/Pages/Form/2024TaxForms.aspx or call (608) 266-1961. Complete the “2024 Estimated Income Tax Worksheet” on page 2 of these instructions. Use your 2023
tax return as a guide, but be sure to consider any law changes for 2024. Law changes are published in the Wisconsin Tax Bulletin, which is
available on the internet at: revenue.wi.gov/Pages/ISE/wtb-Home.aspx. Fill in the amount from line 12 of the worksheet on the “Amount of
Payment” line on Form 1-ES. Include, but do not staple or attach, your check or money order with Form 1-ES. Make your remittance payable to
the Wisconsin Department of Revenue and mail to the address shown on Form 1-ES. To pay online, go to the department's website at:
https://tap.revenue.wi.gov/pay. This is a free service. To pay by credit card, Apple Pay, or PayPal, go to the same web address. You will be
redirected to the department's third-party payment processor at the appropriate step. There will be a $1 transaction fee and a 2.25% processing
fee charged for this service. If you need help, contact our Customer Service Bureau at (608) 266-2486 or visit any Department of Revenue office.

How to Amend Your Estimated Tax Payments
If you have a substantial increase or decrease in your estimated tax liability, your estimated tax payments should be amended. To amend your
estimated tax payments, recompute your estimated tax liability on the “2024 Estimated Income Tax Worksheet.” Include any estimated tax
payments already made for 2024 on line 8 of the worksheet. Then, determine the amount of each remaining installment due:
•
•
•
•

If all 4 installments are being amended, fill in 1/4 of line 9 from the worksheet on each payment voucher.
If 3 installments are being amended, fill in 1/2 of line 9 on the first amended voucher and 1/4 of line 9 on each of the last two vouchers.
If 2 installments are being amended, fill in 3/4 of line 9 on the first amended voucher and 1/4 of line 9 on the last voucher.
If only the last installment is being amended, fill in all of line 9 on the voucher filed.

D-101A (R. 1-24)

Interest Charge for Failure to Pay Estimated Tax
If you are required to pay estimated tax and you do not, or you underpay any installment, you are subject to interest on the underpayment amount
when you file your 2024 return. Wisconsin Schedule U is used to compute the interest due. The Schedule U instructions provide information on
exceptions to the interest charge.

Form 1-ES for Estates
If you are filing a Form 1-ES for an estate, enter "Estate of" in the box for 'your legal first name and initial' and the decedent's name in the box for
'your legal last name'.

2024 Estimated Income Tax Worksheet – Keep for your records – Do not file
Fill in the amount of Wisconsin income you expect in 2024. Use your 2023 tax return as a guide ............................... 1.
Wisconsin standard deduction and exemptions (see standard deduction schedules below)*.......................................... 2.
Estimated taxable income (subtract line 2 from line 1) .................................................................................................. 3.
Estimated tax (see tax rate schedules below).................................................................................................................. 4.
Estimated credits (see instructions provided with your 2023 tax return for descriptions of credits) .............................. 5.
Subtract line 5 from line 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 6.
Required annual payment. Fill in amount of line 6 that you are required to pay ............................................................ 7.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

8. Wisconsin income tax withheld and estimated to be withheld during 2024 ................................................................... 8.
9. Balance (subtract line 8 from line 7). (Note: If line 6 less line 8 is less than $500, you are not required to make
estimated tax payments.) ................................................................................................................................................ 9.

.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Caution: Generally, if you do not prepay at least 90% of your 2024 tax liability or 100% of your 2023 tax, whichever is smaller, you
may be subject to interest on the underpayment amount. To avoid this, be sure your estimate is as accurate as possible. If you
are unsure of your estimate, you may want to pay more than 90% of the amount you have shown on line 6.

10. If four installments are due, enter in each column 1/4 of the amount on line 9.
If less than four installments are due, use the instructions for other payment dates
under “When to Pay Your Estimated Tax” ................................................................
11. Apply overpayment carried forward from your 2023 tax return
(apply first to April and carry remainder to June, etc.) ..............................................
12. Installment amount (subtract line 11 from line 10).
Fill in here and on the “Amount of Payment” line on Form 1-ES .............................

Installments
June 17
Sept. 16

April 15

.
Jan. 15

*Individuals Your exemptions are $700 for yourself, $700 for your spouse if filing a joint return, and $700 for each dependent. Add $250 to the total
if you are 65 years of age or over and, if filing a joint return, add $250 if your spouse is 65 years of age or over. (Exception: If you are claimed as a dependent
on someone else’s return, you do not qualify for an exemption.) Estates and Trusts Fill in -0- on line 2. Nonresidents and part-year residents Prorate
the standard deduction as follows: (1) Figure your standard deduction using your federal adjusted gross income instead of your Wisconsin income, and (2)
prorate using the ratio of Wisconsin income to federal adjusted gross income. Exemptions must also be prorated using the same ratio.

2024 Standard Deduction
Schedule for Single Taxpayers
If Wisconsin income is:
but
over –
not over –

$

0

$ 19,069

19,069

129,319

The 2024 Standard
Deduction is:

Schedule for Married Filing Jointly
If Wisconsin income is:
but
over –
not over –

of the
amount over –

$ 13,230

$

13,230 less 12% ........ $ 19,070

129,319

0

$

The 2024 Standard
Deduction is:

151,344

of the
amount over –

$ 24,490
24,490 less 19.778% $ 27,520
0

Schedule for Married Filing Separately
If Wisconsin income is:
but
over –
not over –

of the
amount over –

0

$ 19,069

19,069

55,779

17,090 less 22.515% $ 19,070

55,779

129,319

13,230 less 12% ........... 19,070

129,319

$ 27,519

151,344

Schedule for Head of Household
If Wisconsin income is:
but
over –
not over –

0
27,519

The 2024 Standard
Deduction is:

$ 17,090

$

0

$ 13,059

13,059

71,862

71,862

0

-2-

The 2024 Standard
Deduction is:

of the
amount over –

$ 11,630
11,630 less 19.778% $ 13,060
0

2024 Tax Rate Schedules for Full-Year Residents*

*Nonresidents and part-year residents must prorate the tax brackets
(amounts appearing in the first two columns of the 2024 Tax Rate
Schedules) based on the ratio of their Wisconsin income to their federal
adjusted gross income. For example, for a single individual the tax brackets
are $14,320, $14,320, and $286,670. Assuming the individual has a ratio of
20%, the first $2,864 ($14,320 x .20) is taxed at 3.5%, the next $2,864
($14,320 x .20) is taxed at 4.4%, and the next $57,334 ($286,670 x .20) is
taxed at 5.3%. Taxable income over $63,062 ($315,310 x .20) is taxed at
7.65%.

Schedule A – Single, Head of Household, Estates and Trusts
If taxable income is:
but
over –
not over –

$

0
14,320
28,640
315,310

$ 14,320
28,640
315,310

The 2024
Gross Tax is:

$

of the
amount over –

3.5% ......$
0
501.20 + 4.4% ........... 14,320
1,131.28 + 5.3% ........... 28,640
16,324.79 + 7.65% ......... 315,310

Schedule B – Married Filing Jointly
If taxable income is:
but
over –
not over –

$

0
19,090
38,190
420,420

$ 19,090
38,190
420,420

The 2024
Gross Tax is:

$

of the
amount over –

3.5% ......$
0
668.15 + 4.4% ........... 19,090
1,508.55 + 5.3% ........... 38,190
21,766.74 + 7.65% ......... 420,420

Schedule C – Married Filing Separately
If taxable income is:
but
over –
not over –

$

0
9,550
19,090
210,210

$

9,550
19,090
210,210

The 2024
Gross Tax is:

$

of the
amount over –

3.5% ......$
0
334.25 + 4.4% .............9,550
754.01 + 5.3% ........... 19,090
10,883.37 + 7.65% ......... 210,210

Applicable Laws and Rules
This document provides statements or interpretations of the following laws and regulations enacted as of January 17, 2024: ch. 71, Wis.
Stats.

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