Pennsylvania Underpayment of Estimated Tax By Fiduciaries

Underpayment of Estimated Tax By Fiduciaries
2023 Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Fiduciaries (REV-1630F)
(EX) 10-23 (FI)

REV-1630F

UNDERPAYMENT OF ESTIMATED TAX
BY FIDUCIARIES

START Name as shown on PA-41

Employer Identification Number

➜

SECTION I

2023

CALCULATING THE UNDERPAYMENT

1a. 2023 Tax Liability from Line 10 of Form PA-41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1a.
1b. Multiply the amount on Line 1a by 0.90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1b.
2. Add the amounts reported on Lines 14, 15, 16, and 17 of Form PA-41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
3. Subtract Line 2 from Line 1a. If result is less than $246, stop here. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.
4. Subtract Line 2 from Line 1b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.
ESTIMATED PAYMENT DUE DATES - If due date falls on a weekend or holiday, use the next business day. Fiscal filers see instructions.
5. Divide amount on Line 4 by the number of payments
required for the year (usually four). Enter the result in
the appropriate columns.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Estimated tax paid including carryover credit from previous
tax year. See instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Overpayment (from Line 10) from a previous period.
See instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Add Lines 6 and 7.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Underpayment (subtract Line 8 from Line 5). If Columns a
through d are all zero, stop here. No penalty is due. . . . . .
10. Overpayment (subtract Line 5 from Line 8). If Columns a
through d show an overpayment, stop here. No penalty
is due. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SECTION II

a
April 17, 2023

b
June 15, 2023

c
Sept. 15, 2023

d
Jan. 16, 2024

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

EXCEPTIONS TO INTEREST

The estate or trust will not have to pay interest on the underpayment if the tax payments the estate or trust made as shown in Section II, Line 11 were paid on time
and the amount shown on Section II, Line 11 is equal to or more than the amount in Section II, Line 12 or Line 13, for the same payment period. This exception does
not apply if the estate or trust did not file a return for the prior year.
a
b
c
d
EXCEPTION 1 WORKSHEET – Section II, Line 11 Calculation
April 17, 2023
June 15, 2023
Sept. 15, 2023
Jan. 16, 2024
A. Divide the amount reported in Section I, Line 2 by 4. Enter the
amount in each of the four columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Enter the estimated payments reported in Section I, Line 6. Enter
the payments under the installment period in which they were paid.
C. Add Lines A and B under each column. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. Enter the amounts listed on Exception 1 Worksheet,
Line C. For Column a this is the amount from Line C
above. For Column b add the amounts of Columns a
and b from Line C; for Column c add the amounts from
Columns a, b and c; and for Column d add the amounts
from Columns a, b, c, and d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12. Exception 1 – Tax on 2022 income using 2023 tax rate.
See instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11.
12.

If the amount on Line 11 is equal to or greater than Line 12, the estate or trust does not owe penalty for that payment period and the estate or trust should
place an X in the applicable box on Line 14a or 14b for that period.
EXCEPTION 2 WORKSHEET – Use this worksheet if the estate or trust’s income was earned unevenly through 2023 and the 2023 estimated tax
payments, tax withholdings, and credits equal at least 90 percent of the tax on the taxable income for the periods.
Section II, Line 13 Calculation
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Enter the actual taxable income for period. . . . . . . . . .
Annualized amounts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annualized income. Multiply Line A by Line B. . . . . . .
Multiply Line C by 3.07 percent (0.0307). . . . . . . . . . .
For each period, enter the same type of credits as
allowed on PA-41, Lines 14, 15, and 16.
See instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F. Subtract Line E from Line D. If zero or less, enter zero.
G. Applicable percentage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13. Exception 2 - Tax based on annualized income,
Multiply Line F by Line G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

01/01/23 - 02/28/23 01/01/23 - 04/30/23 01/01/23 - 07/31/23 01/01/23 - 11/30/23
A.
B.
C.
D.

6

3

1.71429

1.09091

E.
F.
G.

22.5%

45.0%

67.5%

90.0%

13.

If the amount on Line 11 is equal to or greater than Line 13, the estate or trust does not owe penalty for that payment period and the
estate or trust should place an X in the applicable box on Line 14a or 14b for that period.

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REV-1630F (EX) 10-23 (FI)

SECTION III

CALCULATING INTEREST

COMPLETE LINES 15 THROUGH 16 IF NONE OF THE EXCEPTIONS APPLY.
(SEE INSTRUCTIONS AND EXAMPLE AT BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE.) DO NOT USE FEDERAL CALCULATIONS.
14a. Number of days after estimated payment due date to and
including date of annual payment or Dec. 31, 2023,
whichever is earlier. If Dec. 31 is earlier, enter 258, 199,
and 107 respectively. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14a.

14b. Number of days after estimated payment due date to and
including date of annual payment or April 15, 2024,
whichever is earlier. If April 15 is earlier, enter 90.. . . . . .

14b.

14c. Number of days after Dec. 31, 2023 to and including date
of annual payment or April 15, 2024, whichever is earlier.
If April 15 is earlier, enter 106 in each column. . . . . . . . .

14c.

15a. Number of days on Line 14a times 0.000192, times
underpayment on Line 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15a.

15b. Number of days on Line 14b times 0.000219, times
underpayment on Line 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15b.

15c. Number of days on Line 14c times 0.000219, times
underpayment on Line 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15c.

$

$

$

$

$

$

16. Interest. Add amounts on Lines 15a, b, and c. Include on Line 21 of Form PA-41. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16.

$

SPECIAL EXCEPTION INFORMATION
Please enter the following information to verify the correct application of the special exceptions rule:
A. Enter the estate or trust’s 2022 PA Tax Liability (Line 10 from the 2022 PA-41 tax return), less the amounts from
Lines 14, 15, 16, and 17 from the 2022 PA-41 tax return. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
If the amount for Line A is $246 or greater, the estate or trust does not qualify for the special exception. See the instructions for “DETERMINING
THE UNDERPAYMENT AMOUNT ON WHICH THE ADDITION OF INTEREST MAY BE ASSESSED” on Page 3 for additional information.
B. Enter the date the estate or residuary trust was established. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MM/DD/YYYY

EXAMPLE OF INTEREST CALCULATION
1st Estimated Payment 2nd Estimated Payment 3rd Estimated Payment 4th Estimated Payment
Due Date
Due Date
Due Date
Due Date
9. Underpayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$473.75

$473.75

$473.75

258

199

107

14a. Days late through 12/31/23 (1st, 2nd, and 3rd estimated
payment due dates) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14a.

14b. Days late 01/16/24 through 04/15/24 (4th estimated
payment due date) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14b.

14c. Days late 01/01/24 to 04/15/24 (1st, 2nd, and 3rd
estimated payment due dates) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14c.

106

106

106

15a. Days on Line 14a times 0.000192 (2023 daily interest
rate), times underpayment of $473.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15a.

$23.47

$18.10

$9.73

15b. Days on Line 14b times 0.000219 (2024 daily interest
rate), times underpayment of $473.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15b.

15c. Days on Line 14c times 0.000219 (2024 daily interest
rate), times underpayment of $473.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15c.

16.

90

$9.44
$11.00

$11.00

$11.00

Total Lines 15a, 15b, and 15c to determine penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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$473.75

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16.

$93.74

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2023
Instructions for Form REV-1630F
REV-1630F IN (EX) 10-23

GENERAL INFORMATION
The estimated underpayment penalty is an interest penalty
for the failure to make estimated tax payments or the failure
to make estimated tax payments in the correct amount. The
interest rate used to determine the penalty is based upon
the interest rate determined each year on the underpayment
of taxes. Under Pennsylvania personal income tax law, any
fiduciary that reasonably expects the income of the estate
or trust the fiduciary administers to exceed $8,000 in 2023,
disregarding income subject to PA withholding, must declare
and pay estimated tax. The income threshold for estimated
payment requirements increases to $9,500 in tax year 2024.
IMPORTANT: Estates and residuary trusts are not
required to make estimated tax payments for the first
two tax years and will not be charged a penalty for
underpayment of taxes for those years. All other trusts are
subject to estimated tax rules and regulations and may be
charged penalty accordingly.
PURPOSE OF FORM
Use this form to determine if the estate or trust paid enough
estimated tax in each of the four payment periods (Section
I). If the estate or trust did not pay enough tax in any period,
then there is an underpayment for that period and a
corresponding interest penalty imposed. Use this form to
determine if any exceptions to the interest penalty apply
(Section II). If an exception does not apply, use the form to
calculate the interest due (Section III). This form must be
filed even if one of the exceptions applies. A different
exception may apply for each period.
NOTE: If the estate or trust is using this form to
calculate penalty on its 2023 return, enclose a copy of
this form (including applicable worksheet) with Form PA-41.
WHO MUST COMPLETE
Estates and Trusts who meet the qualifications for Exception
1 for one or more of the estimated tax payment periods may
complete the form to calculate the penalty or to show why
the penalty should not be applied. Estates and Trusts who
meet the qualifications for one or more of the estimated tax
payment periods under Exception 2 in Section II must
complete the Exception 2 Worksheet to show why the
penalty should not be applied.
IMPORTANT: The department will use its computer
system to calculate the penalty based upon the tax
liability calculated by the department and the estimated tax
payments received and carryover credit applied for an
estate or trust for the tax year. The department will also

Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Fiduciaries

determine any exceptions to the penalty for any of the
estimated tax payment periods using Exception 1 when
calculating the penalty. If an estate or trust does not include
the penalty or incorrectly calculates the penalty, the
department will send correspondence to estate or trust
notifying them of the correct penalty and reduce the refund
amount or bill the estate or trust for the amount due.
WHO MUST PAY INTEREST FOR UNDERPAYMENT
OF ESTIMATED TAXES
If the estate or trust did not pay any estimated tax or did not
pay the correct estimated tax by any due date, or if the
estate or trust did not pay the entire 2023 estimated tax in
one payment on or before July 16, 2023, the estate or trust
may be charged an interest penalty. This is true even if the
estate or trust is due a refund when it files its PA income tax
return. Interest is calculated separately for each period.
Therefore, the estate or trust owes interest for an earlier
period, even if the estate or trust paid enough tax later to
make up for the underpayment.
WHEN INTEREST IS APPLIED
In general, the estate or trust owes interest if there is an
underpayment and the timely 2023 payments were not:
• 90 percent of the estimated tax due for the period
calculated using the tax shown on the current return as
determined using the annualization method; or
• 100 percent of the estimated tax due for the period
calculated by multiplying the taxable income shown on
Line 9 of the estate or trust’s 2022 Form PA-41 by 3.07
percent (0.0307). This provision does not apply if the
estate or trust did not file a return for tax year 2022.

FORM INSTRUCTIONS
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
Name
Enter the name of the the estate or trust.
Employer Identification Number
Enter the FEIN of the estate or trust.

LINE INSTRUCTIONS
SECTION I
CALCULATING THE UNDERPAYMENT
Line 1a. Insert the tax liability figure from Line 10 of the
estate or trust’s 2023 PA-41 tax return.

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1

Line 1b. Calculate 90 percent of Line 1a by multiplying Line
1a by 0.90.
Line 2. The credits allowed to reduce the tax due are also
used to reduce the tax liability for this calculation. Add Line
14 (Nonresident Tax Withheld from PA Schedule(s) NRK-1),
Line 15 (Total Credit for Taxes Paid by PA Resident Estates
or Trusts to Other States), Line 16 (Total Other Credits from
the PA-41), and Line 17 (PA Income Tax Withheld). If Line 2
is more than Line 1b, the estate or trust does not owe a
penalty and does not need to complete this form.
Line 3. Subtract Line 2 from Line 1a. If the amount is $246
or more, complete Lines 4 through 10. If less than $246, the
estate or trust did not owe estimated income tax and does
not have to complete this form.
Line 4. Subtract Line 2 from Line 1b. This amount is used
to determine if the estate or trust has an underpayment. If
the estate or trust has an underpayment, the penalty is
calculated on this amount.
Line 5. Divide Line 4 by 4 and enter the amount in each of
the four columns.
Fiscal year filers. For Column a use the 15th day of the fourth
month of the tax year or April 15, 2023 (whichever is later), for
Column b use the 15th day of the sixth month of the tax year,
for Column c use the 15th day of the ninth month of the tax
year, and for Column d use the 15th day of the first month
following the close of the tax year.
Line 6. Line 6 represents the timely payments credited to
the estate or trust’s account for each of the four periods.
Each column will indicate a total of the estate or trust’s
estimated payments for the period. To calculate the amounts
to be entered on Line 6, use the following steps and insert
the total result for each column in the appropriate column.
Do not include any credits from Line 2.
In Column a, enter the amount of 2023 estimated tax
payment(s) made on or before April 17. Include in the
estimated tax payments in Column a any overpayment of
tax from the prior year's return that the estate or trust elected
to apply to this year's tax. In Column b, enter the amount of
2023 estimated payments made on or before June 15. In
Column c, enter the amount of 2023 estimated payments
made after June 15 and on or before Sept. 15. In Column d,
enter the amount of 2023 estimated payments the estate or
trust made after Sept. 15 and on or before Jan. 16, 2024.
IMPORTANT: Complete Lines 7 through 10 for one
period before going to the next period.
Line 7. If the estate or trust has an overpayment on Line 10
for the prior period, enter that amount. This does not apply
to the April 17th payment period (Column a).
Line 8. Add Lines 6 and 7 for each of the columns to
determine the total payments applied to the period. This
figure will be used to determine if there is an underpayment.
Line 9. If Line 5 is greater than Line 8 for any column,
calculate the amount of the underpayment for the payment
2

period by subtracting Line 8 from Line 5. If Line 8 is greater
than Line 5 for any column, subtract Line 5 from Line 8 and
enter it in the appropriate column and on Line 7 of the next
payment period. If Line 5 is not greater than Line 8 for any
of the Columns a through d, enter zero on Line 9. If all
Columns 9a through 9d are zero, stop here. The estate or
trust does not owe the interest penalty. If there are
overpayments but not in every period, go to the applicable
columns for Lines 14a and 14b and place an X in each
column where an overpayment exists.
Line 10. Calculate the amount of the overpayment for the
payment period. Enter this amount on Line 7 of the next
payment period. If the estate or trust has an overpayment
in the Jan. 16th payment period, do not carry it to any other
space on the form.
If Line 9 is zero for all payment periods, the estate or trust
does not owe an interest penalty. If the estate or trust has
an underpayment on Line 9 in any payment period, continue
on to Section II, Exception 1 Worksheet.
NOTE: If there are columns with underpayments, the
estate or trust must complete the rest of this form.

SECTION II
EXCEPTIONS TO INTEREST
Line 11. Enter the result of Exception 1 Worksheet, Line C.
Line 12. Exception 1 applies if the 2023 estimated tax
payments and credits equal the tax that would have been due
on the estate or trust’s 2022 income and if the estate or trust
used the current year’s tax rate. This provision does not apply
if the estate or trust did not file a return for the prior year.
To calculate, multiply Pennsylvania taxable income from the
estate or trust’s 2022 return by 3.07 percent (0.0307). Enter
25 percent of this amount in Column a, 50 percent in
Column b, 75 percent in Column c, and 100 percent in
Column d. If the amount on Line 11 is equal to or greater
than the amount on Line 12 in any of the columns, the estate
or trust does not owe interest for that payment period and
the estate or trust should place an X in the applicable Line
14a or 14b for that period. If the amount on Line 11 is less
than the amount on Line 12 for any payment period,
continue on to Exception 2 for those periods.
Line 13. Exception 2 applies if the estate or trust’s 2023
estimated tax payments and credits equal at least 90
percent of the tax on it’s actual taxable income for the
periods from: Jan. 1 to Feb. 28; Jan. 1 to April 30; Jan. 1 to
July 31; and Jan. 1 to Nov. 30.
On Line A, enter the estate or trust’s actual income per
period. Multiply Line A by the annualized amount in Line B
and enter the result in Line C. Multiply Line C by 3.07
percent (0.0307) and enter the result in Line D. In Line E,
enter the credits from Section I, Line 2, the estate or trust is
entitled to because of events that occurred during the
months in the column headings. Do not annualize any credit.
Subtract Line E from Line D and enter the result in Line F.

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If zero or less, enter zero. Multiply Line F by the percentage
shown in Line G and enter the result in Line 13.

SECTION III

Current withholding and credits must be less than the
smaller of the following to be penalized for estimated
underpayment:
• $3,239 (90 percent of the tax liability on the current
return); or

CALCULATING INTEREST
Use this part of the form to calculate the amount of the
interest penalty due. If one of the exceptions applies for any
of the periods, place an X in the boxes under the column for
that period. The estate or trust only has to complete Lines
14 and 15 for the periods in which interest is due. The
amount of the underpayment is the amount on Line 9 for the
appropriate payment period.

In this case, $1,344 is less than both safe harbors.

Lines 14a, 14b, and 14c.
Line 14a. Applies to first, second, and third periods for
calendar year filers and any fiscal filer payments that were
due on or before Dec. 31. If no estimated payments were
made during the year, use the number of days after the due
date of the estimated payment to and including the date of
the annual payment or Dec. 31, whichever is earlier. If Dec.
31 is earlier, enter 258 in Column a, 199 in Column b, and
107 in Column c. Fiscal filers adjust according to estimated
payment due dates.

DETERMINING IF THERE IS AN UNDERPAYMENT
AND HOW THE DEPARTMENT DETERMINES
THE DECLARATION
An estate or trust makes an underpayment of quarterly
estimated tax liability whenever it fails to declare or pay all
or any part of the amount declared as the quarterly
estimated payment.

Line 14b. If no estimated payment was made for the fourth
period, use the number of days after the estimated payment
due date to and including date of annual payment or April
15, 2024, whichever is earlier. If April 15 is earlier, enter 90
in Column d. Fiscal year filers adjust according to due date
of annual return.
Line 14c. Applies to first, second, and third periods for
calendar year filers and any fiscal filer payments that were
due after Dec. 31. If no estimated payments were made, use
the number of days after Dec. 31, 2023 to and including date
of annual payment or April 15, 2024, whichever is earlier. If
April 15 is earlier, enter 106 in each column. Fiscal year filers
adjust according to due date of annual return.
If an estate or trust fully pays an underpayment after a
required due date but prior to or on the next due date, then
the number of days after the due date of the estimated
payment in Lines 14a, 14b, or 14c must be adjusted. To
make the adjustment, count the days from the due date to
the date of payment.
If the estate or trust partially pays an underpayment after a
required due date but prior to or on the next due date, that
partial payment is considered a reduction, on the payment
date, to the oldest period's underpayment. For such situation,
the estate or trust will need to adjust this part accordingly.
EXAMPLE OF WHEN ESTIMATED
UNDERPAYMENT APPLIES:
Tax liability for current tax year
Less current tax year’s
withholding and credits

$3,599
– 1,344
$2,255

• $3,502 (PA taxable income on prior year's return
multiplied by the current year's tax rate).

Since the current PA tax liability minus current withholding
and credits is at least $246 and since the current year
withholding and allowable credits are less than $3,239, the
estate or trust should fill out Form REV-1630F to determine
if there is an underpayment of estimated tax.

DETERMINING THE UNDERPAYMENT AMOUNT
UPON WHICH THE ADDITION OF INTEREST
MAY BE ASSESSED
The amount to use is the amount that the estate or trust
should have paid in estimated taxes if the estate or trust
could have used the PA Tax Liability as shown on Line 10 of
the PA-41 return.
The underpayment amount is the difference between the tax
liability times 90 percent, minus any credits for the applicable
period (calculated by dividing 90 percent of Line 10 of Form
PA-41 minus any withholding and credits, by the number of
estimated payment periods) and the estimated payments
paid on time for that period.
IMPORTANT: The amounts calculated in each of the
columns on Lines 12 and 13 for Exceptions 1 and 2
(respectively) cannot be used to determine the
underpayment penalty. The estate or trust must use Line 9
in this calculation. However, if the estate or trust had no
estimated tax payment requirements for a previous tax year
because the tax liability was below the threshold required
for estimated tax payments to be made, special exceptions
apply and the estate or trust may not owe penalties for the
periods prior to the meeting the estimated payment
requirements.
Special exceptions only apply if an estate or trust files an
original or amended PA-41 ES (F), Declaration of Estimated
Withholding Tax for Fiduciaries, and makes the full
estimated tax payment due in the first period in which it is
determined the estimated payment requirements have been
met for a year following a year in which no estimated
payments were due or required to be made.

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If the PA-41 ES (F) is not filed in the correct period or if the
full estimated tax payment is not made in that period, the
special exception does not apply for any periods, and the
estimated underpayment penalty will apply for all periods in
which the estimated tax underpayment exists.
In situations where conditions exist for the exception to
apply, complete the Exception 2 worksheet to indicate the
periods in which the income (Line A) was earned and the
tax liability (Line B) for those periods. Place an X in the
applicable box on Line 14a to indicate that the estate or trust
does not owe a penalty for each period the special exception
applies. The estate or trust must also complete the
"SPECIAL EXCEPTION INFORMATION"- in Section III by
entering the information requested for Line A.
In addition, if the fiduciary entity is an estate or a residuary
trust from an estate, enter the date the entity was
established. An estate would typically enter the date of death
of the taxpayer establishing the estate. A residuary trust
enters the date the assets of an estate are transferred to the
custody of the trust.
BILLING THE ADDITION OF INTEREST
The interest to be added to the estate or trust's tax liability
for an underpayment is to be billed per period. The interest

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to be added is based upon the amount of the underpayment
per period.
Interest is assessed upon the underpayment amount until
the estate or trust has made payments for the applicable
period that equal the amount of the declared quarterly
estimated payment liability. However, interest may not be
imposed beyond the 15th day of the fourth month of the
close of the estate or trust's taxable year (typically April 15th)
for any period.
If an estate or trust makes a late payment for a period in
which an underpayment exists and their total payments for
that period are less than the amount of the declared
estimated tax liability or the required estimated amount,
interest is billed upon the underpayment amount. However,
as soon as an estate or trust makes a late payment for a
period in which an underpayment exists, the underpayment
is reduced by the late payment amount even if the total
payment amount is less than the amount of the estate or
trust's declared estimated tax liability.
When the estate or trust has made payments for the
underpayment period equal to their declared quarterly
estimated tax liability, the department does not impose
interest for that period.

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