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Pennsylvania Free Printable PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses (Form and Instructions) (PA-40 F) for 2024 Pennsylvania PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses

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PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses
PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses (Form and Instructions) (PA-40 F)

Farm Income and Expenses START HERE PA-40 F (EX) 09-23 (FI) ➜ PA Department of Revenue TO RETURN TO INSTRUCTIONS CLICK HERE 2303310052 PA SCHEDULE F 20 Include with Form PA-40, PA-20S/PA-65 or PA-41 Name of owner as shown on PA tax return: B Principal Product. Describe in one or two words your principal crop or output for the current tax year. t t A. Principal Agricultural Activity Code. Write the code that best describes your principal income-producing activity. Codes are listed on the reverse side of this schedule. If you disposed of commodities received under the payments-in-kind program, fill in the oval(s) that apply: Feed for livestock SECTION I OFFICIAL USE ONLY Owner’s Social Security Number Taxpayer Identification Number (not SSN) C Sold and reported in income Farm Income—Cash Method—Complete Sections I and II Sales Tax License Number (if applicable) (Accrual method taxpayers complete Sections II and III and Line 12 of Section I.) 1. Sales of livestock and other items bought for resale 2. Cost or other basis of livestock and other items bought for resale 3. Subtract Line 2 from Line 1 1. 2. 3. 4. Sales of livestock, produce, grains, and other products raised 4. 5. a. Total distributions received from cooperatives (from Form 1099-PATR) 5a. b. Less: Non-income items 5a 5b 5b. 6. Net distributions. Subtract Line 5b from Line 5a 6. 7. Agricultural program payments: a. Cash 7a. b. Materials and services 7b. 8. Commodity credit loans under election (or forfeited) 8. 9. Crop insurance proceeds 9. 10. Machine work 10. t 11. Other income, including federal and state gasoline tax credit or refund, interest income, and sales of operational assets 11. 12. Gross income. Add amounts on Lines 3, 4, 6, and 7a through 11. If using the accrual method, enter the amount from Section III, Line 51 12. Farm Deductions-Cash and Accrual Method. Do not include personal or living expenses. Reduce the amount SECTION II of your farm deductions by any reimbursements before entering the deduction. 13. 14. 15. 16. Breeding fees Chemicals Conservation expenses a. Regular depreciation b. Section 179 expense 17. Employee benefit programs other than those on Line 28 18. Feed purchased 19. Fertilizers and lime 20. Freight, trucking 21. Gasoline, fuel, oil 22. Insurance 23. a. Labor hired b. Jobs credit c. Balance (subtract Line 23b from Line 23a) 24. Land clearing 25. Machine hire 26. Mortgage interest paid to financial institutions 27. Other interest 28. Pension and profit-sharing plans for employees 29. Rent of farm, pasture 30. Repairs, maintenance 31. Seeds, plants purchased 32. Storage, warehousing 33. Supplies purchased 34. Taxes 35. Utilities 36. Veterinary fees, medicine 37. Other expenses (specify): a. b. c. d. e. f. 37. Total other expenses 38. Total expenses (Add Lines 13 through 37.) 39. Net farm profit or loss Subtract Line 38 from Line 12. If a net loss is shown, fill in the oval. Enter the result on your PA tax return. Loss 39. SIDE 1 2303310052 Reset Entire Form 2303310052 NEXT PAGE PRINT FORM 2303410050 PA SCHEDULE F Farm Income and Expenses START HERE PA-40 F (EX) 09-23 (FI) PA Department of Revenue Name of owner as shown on PA tax return: 20 TO RETURN TO INSTRUCTIONS CLICK HERE OFFICIAL USE ONLY Social Security Number ➜ SECTION III Farm Income—Accrual Method 40. Sales of livestock, produce, grains, and other products during year 40. 41. Agricultural program payments: a. Cash 41a. b. Materials and services 42. Commodity credit loans under election (or forfeited) 41b. 42. 43. Machine work 43. 44. Other income, including federal and state gasoline tax credit or refund 45. Total. Add amounts on Lines 40 through 44. 44. 45. 46. Inventory of livestock, produce, grains, and other products at beginning of year 46. 47. Cost of livestock, produce, grains, and other products purchased during year 47. 48. Add Lines 46 and 47. 48. 49. Inventory of livestock, produce, grains, and other products at end of year 49. Principal Agricultural Activity Codes Select one of the following codes and write the four-digit number on Line A on Page 1 of this schedule. NOTE: If your principal source of income is from providing agricultural services such as soil preparation, veterinary, farm labor, horticultural or management for a fee or on a contract basis, you should file PA Schedule C. t 50. Cost of livestock, produce, grains, and other products sold. Subtract Line 49 from Line 48. 51. Gross income. Subtract Line 50 from Line 45. Enter here and on Section I, Line 12. 50. 51. 0180 Horticultural specialty, including the growing of ornamental floriculture and nursery products such as plants, shrubbery, bulbs, flowers, sod, etc. 0211 Beef cattle feedlots 0212 Beef cattle, except feedlots 0215 Hogs, sheep, and goats 0240 Dairy 0250 Poultry and eggs, including chickens, ducks, pigeons, quail, etc. 0120 Field crop, including grains and nongrains such as cotton, peanuts, feed corn, wheat, tobacco, Irish potatoes, etc. 0260 General livestock, not specializing in any one livestock category 0160 Vegetables and melons, garden-type vegetables and melons, such as sweet corn, tomatoes, squash, etc. 0270 Animal specialty, including fur-bearing animals, pets, fish, horses, etc. 0170 Fruit and tree nuts, including grapes, berries, olives, etc. 0300 Agricultural production, not specified. SIDE 2 2303410050 Reset Entire Form 2303410050 NEXT PAGE PRINT FORM TO RETURN TO FORM CLICK HERE Instructions for PA-40 Schedule F Farm Income and Expenses PA-40 F IN (EX) 09-23 WHAT’S NEW Section 179 Property Deduction - Act 53 of 2022 (Act 202253, P.L. 513, No. 53) amended the PA PIT law to increase the PA PIT dollar limitation to match the FIT dollar limitation. The amendment applies to § 179 Property placed in service in tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Refer to Personal Income Tax Bulletin 2023-02 for further information. (iv) Dairy farming. The business of breeding, feeding, and raising cattle and other milk producing animals, and the production of feed for them by the owner of the animals. This doesn’t include operations such as pasteurizing or homogenizing or the making of butter, cheese, and ice cream. These activities should be reported on PA Schedule C. (v) Fur-ranching. The propagation and raising of ranch raised fur-bearing animals. Like-Kind Exchanges: Effective January 1, 2023, the deferral of tax due on gains from like-kind exchanges of property are allowed. (vi) Propagation of game birds. The propagation of game birds for commercial purposes by holders of propagation permits issued under 34 Pa.C.S. § § 101—2965 of the Game and Wildlife Code. OVERVIEW (vii) Propagation of aquatic animals. The propagation of fish and other aquatic animals for commercial use as a food or food product by holders of propagation permits issued under 30 Pa.C.S. § § 101—7314 of the Fish and Boat Code. Use PA Schedule F to report income or loss from a business you operate as a farm. The following definitions may be helpful in determining if you should file a PA Schedule C or PA Schedule F: Farming - The following activities, when engaged in as a regular business: (i) Agriculture. The business of producing food products or other useful or valuable growths or crops by tilling and cultivating the soil, and by breeding, raising, and feeding cattle, livestock, bees, poultry, or other animals that produce a food product or are themselves a food product. For example, the commercial raising of mushrooms is farming, but gardening and similar noncommercial activities are not farming. The following are not included within the definition of agriculture: (A) The breeding or raising of dogs, cats, and other pets; or game animals, birds, fish, or other animals intended for use in sporting or recreational activities such as, but not limited to, hunting, fishing, show competition, and racing. (B) The operation of stockyards or slaughterhouses. (ii) Horticulture. The business of producing vegetables, vegetable plants, fruits, and nursery stock, including the operation of commercial vegetable greenhouses and nurseries. Horticulture does not include the business of servicing plants owned by other persons. (iii) Floriculture. The business of producing flowers and decorative or shade trees, plants, and shrubs in the field, nursery, or greenhouse. The raising of trees as timber or lumbering and logging or sawmill operations are not included in the definition of floriculture. For more information regarding the definition of a business, profession, or farm activity and for Pennsylvania’s requirements for reporting income and expenses, visit www.revenue.pa.gov. NOTE: Pennsylvania determines income and loss under those accounting principles, systems, and practices acceptable by standards of the accounting profession and consistent with the regulations of the department. Pennsylvania does not generally follow federal tax accounting rules to determine income or loss. You may use any accounting method for PA purposes, as long as you apply accounting methods consistently. Pennsylvania does not allow Farm Income Averaging. A farmer may deduct all losses in the taxable year realized. Report all transactions directly related to your farming operation on PA Schedule F. You should maintain separate books and records for PA Personal Income Tax (PIT) purposes. You may usually use your Federal Schedule F expenses for PA PIT purposes. However, you may not use federal amounts if you made certain elections to accelerate or defer income and expenses or spread expenses over more than one taxable year. To take advantage of the Pennsylvania reporting differences that decrease your federal profit, complete PA Schedule F. The Federal Schedule F instructions for the following federal schedules do not apply: www.revenue.pa.gov RETURN TO PAGE 1 PA-40 F PREVIOUS PAGE NEXT PAGE PRINT 1 TO RETURN TO FORM CLICK HERE SCHEDULE SE Do not report self-employment taxes to Pennsylvania. FORM 4684 Report gain or loss from all business activity on PA Schedule F. Include a casualty or theft loss (or gain, if insurance proceeds exceed the basis of the property lost or taken) of business property on Line 11 of PA Schedule F. Reference the federal schedule as the explanation for the gain or loss item, but do not submit the federal schedule with your PA tax return. FORM 4835 Report rental income from farm production or crop shares whether or not you materially participate in the production of that income as rental income on PA Schedule E. Pennsylvania does not have "materially participating" rules. An owner may deduct all losses in the taxable year realized. Only report on PA Schedule F the income, expenses, and profit or loss from the operation of your farm enterprise. FORM 8824 Like-Kind Exchanges: Effective January 1, 2023, the deferral of tax due on gains from like-kind exchanges of property are allowed. Act 2022-53 : applies to exchanges of property that occur in tax years beginning after December 31, 2022. Therefore, any Pennsylvania personal income tax gain/income from the exchange of properties is deferred if gain/income is deferred for the same exchange for federal income tax purposes under IRC § 1031. Report any gain or loss from any sale, exchange, or disposition on Line 11 of PA Schedule F, if the transaction was a normal business transaction. Report any gain or loss from other dispositions (nonbusiness) on PA Schedule D. If you own or operate more than one farm or farming operation, you must submit a separate PA Schedule F for each operation. OTHER PENNSYLVANIA AND FEDERAL INCOME TAX DIFFERENCES PA income from farming generally differs from the income determined for federal income tax purposes. Further, Pennsylvania will no longer accept a PA Schedule C-F Reconciliation for the purpose of adjusting the federal farm income to PA farm income. Therefore, the items which were previously included as additions to PA income or expenses on the PA Schedule C-F Reconciliation should be included with the specific line of income or expense on PA Schedule F. In addition, those items which Pennsylvania does not require be reported as income or does not allow as expense in determining net farm income, which are allowed in the determination of net federal farm income, should not be included in the specific farm income or expenses on PA Schedule F. Examples of items that Pennsylvania requires as additions to income include: any advance receipts for goods or 2 services; working capital interest or dividend income including federal-exempt interest and dividend income from obligations of other states; gains from the sale of business assets where the property is replaced by similar property; gains from involuntary conversions (such as those from IRC Section 1033); and gains from the sale of property where PA basis is different than federal basis. Examples of items that Pennsylvania allows as additions to expenses that required a reduction for federal tax purposes include: meals, travel, and entertainment expense deduction of 100 percent by Pennsylvania for the expenses incurred; any differences in depreciation related to differences in basis of assets, amount of allowable Section 179 expense, or method of depreciation for federal or PA purposes; and any other reductions in federal expenses allowed at 100 percent for PA personal income tax purposes. Examples of items that Pennsylvania requires as reductions in federal income or expenses include: income taxes based upon gross or net income; any differences in depreciation related to differences in basis of assets, amount of allowable Section 179 expense, or method of depreciation for federal or PA purposes; recognition of cancellation of debt income; recognition of income from IRC Section 481(a) spread adjustments; payments for owner pension, profit-sharing plans, deferred, or welfare benefit plans; percentage depletion; direct expensing of organizational expenses or syndication fees; losses from the sale of property where PA basis is different than federal basis; and any other income or expenses where there is a specialized federal treatment that is not specifically addressed or allowed by PA personal income tax law that might involve additional expensing, expensing verses capitalization, carry back or carry forward of losses, income recognition, or other special treatments. Pennsylvania is not a community property state. Therefore, for PA personal income tax purposes, a taxpayer and the taxpayer’s spouse must each report on a separate PA Schedule F their share of the income and expenses from a farm entity they own that is considered a qualified joint venture for federal income tax purposes. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS ROUNDING Enter amounts in whole-dollars only. Eliminate any amount less than $0.50 and increase any amount that is $0.50 or more to the next highest dollar. LINE INSTRUCTIONS LINE A PRINCIPAL AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY CODES Enter the four-digit code that best describes your principal income producing activity. If your principal source of income is from providing agricultural services such as soil preparation, veterinary, farm labor, horticultural, or PA-40 F RETURN TO PAGE 1 www.revenue.pa.gov PREVIOUS PAGE NEXT PAGE PRINT TO RETURN TO FORM CLICK HERE management for a fee or on a contract basis, use the most appropriate Principal Agricultural Activity Code shown on Side 2 of the PA Schedule F. LINE B PRINCIPAL PRODUCT Describe in one or two words your principal crop or output for the current year. DISPOSITION OF PAYMENTS-IN-KIND COMMODITIES If you disposed of commodities received under the payments-in-kind program, fill in the oval for the description(s) that apply. Enter your federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN). If you do not have an FEIN, leave this space blank. Enter your PA Sales Tax License Number if you have one, or leave this space blank. SECTION I FARM INCOME - CASH METHOD COMPLETE SECTIONS I AND II LINES 5a and 5b On Line 5a, show your total distributions from cooperatives, including patronage dividends, nonpatronage distributions, per-unit retain allocations, and redemption of nonqualified notices and per-unit allocations. Show patronage dividends (distributions) received in cash and the dollar amount of qualified written notices of allocation. If you received property as patronage dividends, report the fair market value of the property as income. On Line 5b, enter patronage dividends from buying personal or family items, capital assets, or depreciable assets. LINE 7b MATERIALS AND SERVICES Include the amount from 1099-G, Box 9, Market Gain, associated with any Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) loan where the proceeds from the loan were not originally elected to be included as income. Write ”Market Gain” in the space to right of “Materials and services” when including an amount from this source. Include a schedule if more than one type of income is reported on this line. LINE 11 OTHER INCOME Enter gross proceeds you may have to report elsewhere on your federal tax return. Include the income from the sale of business assets you reinvested and used to acquire similar business assets. Also include the gain or loss on replacing business property (including land or buildings used by the facility in the operation of a farm) and interest and dividend income from investments that generated working capital. Include other income as described for Line 8 of Federal Schedule F. PA PIT law and regulations do not limit depreciation when business property use (or the inclusion amount on leased property adjustment) falls below 50 percent. You may deduct the allowable business depreciation as described below on such property. Do not report "depreciation recapture" for PA Personal Income Tax purposes. Do not include income from oil and gas well royalties, well access easements or right-of-ways as other income on PA Schedule F - even if the well is located on the farm property. Oil and gas royalty payments should be reported on PA Schedule E along with any temporary easement or right-of-way payments. Payments for oil and gas pipeline or well access express easements (15 years or longer) or permanent right-of-ways should be reported on PA Schedule D. Payments from oil and gas producers for crop damage should be included as other income on PA Schedule F. All payments for crop damage are reportable in the year they are received even if the payment is based upon multiple years of damages. SECTION II FARM DEDUCTIONS - CASH AND ACCRUAL METHOD Include current expenses that are ordinary, necessary and reasonable for producing farming income. Do not include personal or living expenses. PA law does not impose dollar or percentage limitations on allowable expenses. You may always deduct 100 percent of the PA allowable farm expenses that you incurred during the taxable year. LINE 15 CONSERVATION EXPENSES You may deduct certain expenditures (including any amount paid on any assessment levied by a soil or water conservation or drainage district to defray expenditures made) for soil or water conservation and the prevention of erosion if the expenditures are in respect of land you use. The allowable deduction for any one year may not exceed 25 percent of your gross income from farming, but any excess may be carried over to succeeding years with the same limit applying to those years. To claim a deduction for these expenditures, you must elect to do so by claiming the deduction on your return for the first taxable year for which the expenditures are paid. Once you have elected to treat the expenditures as deductions, you must continue to do so in all future taxable years unless you secure consent to change. LINE 16a REGULAR DEPRECIATION You may use any depreciation method permissable under accepted accounting principles and practices as long as you consistently apply the method. www.revenue.pa.gov RETURN TO PAGE 1 PA-40 F PREVIOUS PAGE NEXT PAGE PRINT 3 TO RETURN TO FORM CLICK HERE NOTE: For each asset, you must also report straightline depreciation, unless not using an optional accelerated depreciation method. You need straight-line depreciation to take advantage of Pennsylvania’s Tax Benefit Rule when you sell the asset. You must use the straight-line depreciation method if your PA basis and federal a basis for an asset differ. LINE 16b LINE 27 OTHER INTEREST Do not deduct personal interest. If you personally borrow money to acquire a farm or farm interest or to improve your farm, you may not deduct the interest on any PA schedule or tax return. If the farm business itself incurs debt, it may deduct the interest expense. LINE 34 SECTION 179 EXPENSE For § 179 Property placed in service before 2023, the PA PIT dollar limitation is based upon earlier of the IRC § 179 dollar limitation at the time the § 179 Property was placed in service or the IRC § 179 dollar limitation in effect in 2003. The applicable PA PIT dollar limitations for those years are as follows: 1997: $18,000 1998: $18,500 1999: $19,000 2000: $20,000 2001-02: $24,000 2003-22: $25,000 TAXES You may deduct tax expenses other than taxes based on income. You may not deduct taxes based on net income, federal income taxes, and one-half of the self-employment taxes that the IRS allows. You may not deduct taxes paid to other states or foreign countries based on income. You may not deduct estate taxes and inheritance, legacy, succession, and gift taxes. Assessments for betterments and improvements are not allowable. Act 53 of 2022 (Act 2022-53, P.L. 513, No. 53) amended the PA PIT law to increase the PA PIT dollar limitation to match the FIT dollar limitation. The amendment applies to § 179 Property placed in service in tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Refer to the Personal Income Tax Bulletin 2023-02 for additional information. OTHER EXPENSES You may deduct any other cost of operations that are ordinary, necessary, reasonable, and current expenses of your farm business. LINE 17 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PROGRAMS OTHER THAN ON LINE 28 You may not deduct any payments you make for your own personal coverage. LINE 22 INSURANCE You may deduct life insurance on yourself or your spouse only if the farm business itself (not your spouse, other family members or other persons) is the beneficiary. The farm business must use the insurance proceeds to continue its operations. If deducting insurance premiums, proceeds received are business income on Line 11 of Section I. LINE 23 LABOR HIRED Do not reduce your wage expense for any federal credits you claim. Add back any wage expenses you excluded to claim a federal credit. Do not deduct the costs of your own participation. 4 PA-40 F RETURN TO PAGE 1 LINE 37 • You may deduct 100 percent of the sales tax paid on a depreciable asset. However, on disposition, your PA basis and federal basis for that asset will differ. • You may deduct charitable contributions made from your farm account and acknowledged publicly by the recipient. Personal charitable contributions are not allowable. • You may use the capitalization rules established by your industry, under its generally accepted accounting principles and practices. Once elected, you must consistently use this method. • You may deduct 100 percent of expenses for removing barriers to individuals with disabilities and the elderly. You may not take the federal credit on your PA return. • You may deduct home office expenses. Pennsylvania generally follows the federal rules for a home office. However, Pennsylvania does not permit the use of the federal safe harbor method for determining the expense. Actual expenses must be used to calculate the expense. • Itemize any other expenses that are allowable under GAAP or FASB rules but are not allowable or limited under federal rules. www.revenue.pa.gov PREVIOUS PAGE PRINT
Extracted from PDF file 2023-pennsylvania-form-pa-40-f.pdf, last modified December 2009

More about the Pennsylvania Form PA-40 F Individual Income Tax TY 2023

We last updated the PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses in February 2024, so this is the latest version of Form PA-40 F, fully updated for tax year 2023. You can download or print current or past-year PDFs of Form PA-40 F directly from TaxFormFinder. You can print other Pennsylvania tax forms here.

Related Pennsylvania Individual Income Tax Forms:

TaxFormFinder has an additional 174 Pennsylvania income tax forms that you may need, plus all federal income tax forms. These related forms may also be needed with the Pennsylvania Form PA-40 F.

Form Code Form Name
Form PA-40 Pennsylvania Income Tax Return
Form PA-40 SP PA Schedule SP - Special Tax Forgiveness
Form PA-40 A PA Schedule A - Interest Income
Form PA-40 PA-V PA-40 Payment Voucher
PA-40 ES (Individual) Declaration of Estimated Personal Income Tax
PA-40 Income Tax Return
Form PA-40 UE PA Schedule UE - Allowable Employee Business Expenses
Form PA-40 B PA Schedule B - Dividend Income
Form PA-40 ES (P/S/F) PA-40 ES Partnership, PA S Corporation and Fiduciary - Declaration of Estimated Withholding Tax
Form PA-40 C PA Schedule C - Profit or Loss From Business or Profession

Download all PA tax forms View all 175 Pennsylvania Income Tax Forms


Form Sources:

Pennsylvania usually releases forms for the current tax year between January and April. We last updated Pennsylvania Form PA-40 F from the Department of Revenue in February 2024.

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About the Individual Income Tax

The IRS and most states collect a personal income tax, which is paid throughout the year via tax withholding or estimated income tax payments.

Most taxpayers are required to file a yearly income tax return in April to both the Internal Revenue Service and their state's revenue department, which will result in either a tax refund of excess withheld income or a tax payment if the withholding does not cover the taxpayer's entire liability. Every taxpayer's situation is different - please consult a CPA or licensed tax preparer to ensure that you are filing the correct tax forms!

Historical Past-Year Versions of Pennsylvania Form PA-40 F

We have a total of thirteen past-year versions of Form PA-40 F in the TaxFormFinder archives, including for the previous tax year. Download past year versions of this tax form as PDFs here:


2023 Form PA-40 F

PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses (Form and Instructions) (PA-40 F)

2022 Form PA-40 F

PA Schedule F – Farm Income and Expenses (PA-40 F)

2021 Form PA-40 F

PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses (PA-40 F)

2020 Form PA-40 F

PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses (PA-40 F)

2019 Form PA-40 F

PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses (PA-40 F)

2017 Form PA-40 F

PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses (PA-40 F)

2016 Form PA-40 F

PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses (PA-40 F)

Forms/Publications 2015 Form PA-40 F

PA-40 F -- PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses

Forms/Publications 2014 Form PA-40 F

PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses (PA-40 F)

PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses (PA-40 F) 2013 Form PA-40 F

PA Schedule F - Farm Income and Expenses (PA-40 F)

Forms/Publications 2012 Form PA-40 F

PA Schedule F (PA-40 F)

Forms/Publications 2011 Form PA-40 F

PA Schedule F (PA-40 F)


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